Soal dan Pembahasan The National Marine Sanctuaries Program – Secara umum materi reading dapat dipelajari pada pelajaran TOEFL. Pada pelajaran TOEFL terdapat materi reading yang soalnya akan dibagikan pada tulisan ini beserta pembahasannya.
This text is for questions 1 to 9.
The National Marine Sanctuaries Program
In 1972, a century after the first national park in the United States was established at Yellowstone, legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The intent of this legislation was to provide protection to selected coastal habitats similar to that existing for land areas designated as national parks. The designation of an areas a marine sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is. People are permitted to visit and observe there, but living organisms and their environments may not be harmed or removed.
The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce. Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status. Two and a half decades later, only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after 1978. They range in size from the very small (less than 1 square kilometer) Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in California, extending over 15,744 square kilometers.
The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new management practices in which whole communities of species, and not just individual species, are offered some degree of protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation. Only in this way can a reasonable degree of marine species diversity be maintained in a setting that also maintains the natural interrelationships that exist among these species.
Several other types of marine protected areas exist in the United States and other countries. The National Estuarine Research Reserve System managed by the United States government, includes 23 designated and protected estuaries. Outside the United States, marine protected-area programs exist as marine parks, reserves and preserves.
Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of the Caribbean Sea. Others range from the well-known Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser-known parks in countries such as Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures on fragile coral reef systems. As state, national, and international agencies come to recognize the importance of conserving marine biodiversity, marine projected areas whether as sanctuaries, parks, or estuarine reserves, will play an increasingly important role in preserving that diversity.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Differences among marine parks, sanctuaries, and reserves
B. Various marine conservation programs
C. International agreements on coastal protection
D. Similarities between land and sea protected environments
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Apa yang terutama dibahas oleh bagian tersebut?”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (B) Various marine conservation programs
2. The word “intent” in line 3 is closest in meaning to …
A. repetition
B. approval
C. goal
D. revision
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Kata “intent” pada baris 3 paling dekat artinya dengan …”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (C) goal
3. The word “administered” in line 8 is closest in meaning to …
A. managed
B. recognized
C. opposed
D. justified
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Kata “administered” pada baris 8 paling dekat artinya dengan …”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (A) managed
4. The word “these” in line 11 refers to …
A. sites
B. candidates
C. decades
D. sanctuaries
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Kata “these” pada baris 11 mengacu pada …”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (D) sanctuaries
5. The passage mentions the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (Lines 13-14) as an example of a sanctuary that …
A. is not well know
B. covers a large area
C. is smaller than the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary
D. was not originally proposed for sanctuary status
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Bagian tersebut menyebutkan Cagar Alam Laut Nasional Monterey Bay (Garis 13-14) sebagai contoh cagar alam yang …”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (B) covers a large area
6. According to the passage, when was the National Marine Sanctuaries Program established?
A. Before 1972
B. After 1987
C. One hundred years before national parks were established
D. One hundred years after Yellowstone National Park was established
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Menurut bagian tersebut, kapan Program Suaka Laut Nasional didirikan?”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (D) One hundred years after Yellowstone National Park was established
7. According to the passage, all of the following are achievements of the National Marine Sanctuaries Program EXCEPT …
A. the discovery of several new marine organisms
B. the preservation of connections between individual marine species
C. the protection of coastal habitats
D. the establishment of areas where the public can observe marine life
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Berdasarkan petikan tersebut, berikut ini adalah capaian Program Cagar Alam Laut Nasional, KECUALI …”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (A) the discovery of several new marine organisms
8. The word “periphery” in line 24 is closest in meaning to …
A. depth
B. landmass
C. warm habitat
D. outer edge
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Kata “periphery” pada baris 24 paling dekat artinya dengan …”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (D) outer edge
9. The passage mentions which of the following as a threat to marine areas outside the United States?
A. Limitations in financial support
B. The use of marine species as food
C. Variability of the climate
D. Increases in tourism
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Bagian tersebut menyebutkan yang mana dari berikut ini sebagai ancaman terhadap wilayah laut di luar Amerika Serikat?”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (D) Increases in tourism
Sekian Soal dan Pembahasan The National Marine Sanctuaries Program in 1972 a century after the first national park in the united states was established at yellowstone. Semoga in 1972 a century after the first national park in the united states was established at yellowstone Soal dan Pembahasan The National Marine Sanctuaries Program tadi dapat membantu teman-teman dalam belajar TOEFL.
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in 1972 a century after the first national park in the united states was established at yellowstone