Materi TOEFL Structure Skill 17 beserta pembahasan lengkap dari buku Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test.
Skill 17 Invert The Subject And Verb With Negatives (Inversi (pembalikan) Posisi Subjek dan Kata Kerja dengan (Ungkapan) Negatif)
Subject dan verb juga dapat diinversi atau dibalik setelah adanya negative expression, yaitu ungkapan atau kata yang bersifat negatif. Ketika negative expressions, seperti no, not, or never, berada di awal sebuah kalimat, subject dan verb diinversi.
Example
1. Not once did I miss a question.
2. Never has Mr. Jones taken a vacation.
3. At no time can the woman talk on the telephone.
*Pada contoh ke-1, negative expression “not once” menjadikan subjek “I” berada setelah helping verb “did”. Pada contoh ke-2, negative expression “never” menjadikan subjek “Mr. Jones” berada setelah helping verb “has”. Kemudian, pada contoh ke-3 negative expression “at no time” menyebabkan subjek “woman” berada setelah helping verb “can”.
Kata-kata tertentu dalam bahasa Inggris, seperti hardly, barely, scarcely, dan only, dapat beperan sebagai negatives. Jika salah satu dari kata tersebut berada di awal kalimat, subjek dan verb juga diinversi atau dibalik.
1. Hardly ever does he take time off.
(This means that he almost never takes time off.)
2. Only once did the manager issue overtime paychecks.
(This means that the manager almost never issued overtime paychecks.)
*Pada contoh ke-1, “almost negative” expression, yaitu hardly ever menyebabkan subjek “he” berada setelah helping verb “does”. Kemudian, pada contoh ke-2 “almost negative” expression, yaitu only once menyebabkan subjek “manager” berada setelah helping verb “did”.
Ketika negative expression muncul di depan subject dan verb di tengah sebuah kalimat, subject dan verb tersebut juga diinversi atau dibalik. Hal ini terjadi pada negative words (kata negatif), yaitu neither dan nor.
1. I do not want to go, and neither does Tom.
2. The secretary is not attending the meeting, nor is her boss.
*Pada contoh ke-1, negative word “neither” menyebabkan subjek “Tom” berada setelah helping verb “does”. Kemudian, pada contoh ke-2, negative word “nor” menyebabkan subjek “boss” berada setelah helping verb “is”.
Example
Only in extremely dangerous situations ______ stopped.
(A) will be the printing presses
(B) the printing presses will be
(C) that the printing presses will be
(D) will the printing presses be
Jawaban: D
Pada contoh kalimat tersebut, perhatikan bahwa kalimat di atas diawali dengan negative word “only”, jadi subject dan verb perlu diinversi. Jawaban (D) memuat subject dan verb yang diinversi dengan helping verb “will”, subject “printing presses”, dan main verb “be stopped” (bentuk passive). Jadi, jawaban (D) merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.
Perlu diingat!!!
INVERTED SUBJECTS AND VERBS WITH NEGATIVES
Negative word:
no, not, never, neither, nor, barely, rarely, hardly, only, scarcely, seldom, etc.
Ketika negative expression berada di awal sebuah kalimat ataupun di tengah kalimat, maka subject dan verb diinversi atau dibalik.Rarely were they so happy(negative expression + Verb + Subject …)
EXERCISE 17: Each of the following sentences contains a negative of or “almost negative” expression. Italicise the negative expression. Look at the clauses that follow and underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) of incorrect (I).
1. Never the boy wrote to his sisters. (…)
2. On no occasion did they say that to me. (…)
3. Steve did not win the prize nor did he expect to do so. (…)
4. Only once in my life gone I have to New York City. (…)
5. Did he go out of the house at no time. (…)
6. Seldom their secretary has made such mistakes. (…)
7. No sooner had she hung up the phone that it rang again. (…)
8. Sheila did not arrive late for work nor she left early. (…)
9. Barely had he finished the exam when the graduate assistant collected the papers. (…)
10. The police did not arrive in time to save the girl, and neither did the paramedics. (…)
Kunci Jawaban:
1. Never did the boy wrote write to his sisters. ( I )
2. On no occasion did they say that to me. ( C )
3. Steve did not win the prize nor did he expect to do so. ( C )
4. Only once in my life have gone I have gone to New York City. ( I )
5. At no time did he go out of the house at no time. ( I )
6. Seldom has their secretary has made such mistakes. ( I )
7. No sooner had she hung up the phone that it rang again. ( C )
8. Sheila did not arrive late for work nor did she left leave early. ( I )
9. Barely had he finished the exam when the graduate assistant collected the papers. ( C )
10. The police did not arrive in time to save the girl, and neither did the paramedics. ( C )
Sekian Materi TOEFL Structure Skill 17 beserta pembahasan dari buku Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test. Semoga Materi TOEFL Structure Skill 17 tadi dapat membantu teman-teman dalam belajar TOEFL.
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Baca juga: Materi TOEFL Structure Skill 16 (Invert With Place Expressions)
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