Soal dan Pembahasan The Idea of Determinism – Secara umum materi reading dapat dipelajari pada pelajaran TOEFL. Pada pelajaran TOEFL terdapat materi reading yang soalnya akan dibagikan pada tulisan ini beserta pembahasannya.
This text is for questions 1 to 9.
The Idea of Determinism
The idea of determinism, that no event occurs in nature without natural causes, has been postulated as a natural law yet is under attack on both scientific and philosophical grounds. Scientific laws assume that a specific set of conditions will unerringly lead to a predetermined outcome. However, studies in the field of physics have demonstrated that the location and speed of minuscule particles such as electrons are the result of random behaviors rather than predictable results determined by pre-existing conditions. As a result of these studies, the principle of indeterminacy was formulated in 1925 by Werner Heisenberg. According to his principle, only the probable behavior of an electron can be predicted. The inability to absolutely predict the behavior of electrons casts doubt on the universal applicability of a natural law of determinism. Philosophically, the principal opposition to determinism emanates from those who see humans as creatures in possession of free will. Human decisions may be influenced by previous events, but the ultimate freedom of humanity may possibly lead to unforeseen choices, those not preordained by preceding events.
1. It is implied in the passage that a natural law …
A. Is something that applies to science only
B. Can be incontrovertibly found in the idea of determinism
C. Is philosophically unacceptable
D. Is a principle to which there is no exception
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Hal ini tersirat dalam bacaan tersebut bahwa hukum alam …”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (D) Is a principle to which there is no exception
2. The word “unerringly” in line 3 could be most easily replaced by …
A. Fortunately
B. Effortlessly
C. Without mistake
D. With guidance
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Kata “unerringly” di baris 3 paling mudah diganti dengan …”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (C) Without mistake
3. The idea of determinism is refuted in this passage based on …
A. Scientific proof
B. Data from the science and philosophy of determinism
C. Principles or assumptions from different fields of study
D. Philosophical doubt about free will
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Gagasan determinisme disangkal dalam bacaan tersebut berdasarkan …”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (A) Scientific proof
4. The word “minuscule” in line 4 is closest in meaning to …
A. Charged
B. Fast-moving
C. Circular
D. Tiny
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Kata “minuscule” pada baris 4 paling dekat artinya dengan …”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (D) Tiny
5. According to the passage, which of the following is not true about the principle of Indeterminacy?
A. It was formulated based on studies in physics.
B. It was philosophically unacceptable.
C. It has been in existence for more than a decade.
D. It is concerned with the random behavior of electrons.
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Menurut bacaan tersebut, manakah dari berikut ini yang tidak benar tentang prinsip ketidakpastian?”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (B) It was philosophically unacceptable.
6. The expression “emanates from” in line 10 could most easily be replaced …
A. Derives from
B. Differs from
C. Is in contrast to
D. Is subordinate to
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Ungkapan “emanates from” pada baris 10 paling mudah diganti …”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (A) Derives from
7. It is implied in the passage that free will is …
A. Accepted by all philosophers
B. A direct outcome of Werner’s principle of indeterminacy
C. The antithesis of determinism
D. A natural law
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Tersirat dalam bacaan tersebut bahwa kehendak bebas adalah …”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (C) The antithesis of determinism
8. The word “unforeseen” in line 12 is closest in meaning to …
A. Forewarned
B. Blind
C. Unappreciated
D. Unpredictable
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Kata “unforeseen” pada baris 12 paling dekat artinya dengan …”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (D) Unpredictable
9. Where in the passage does the author mention who develop the contrary principle to determinism?
A. Lines 1-2
B. Lines 6-7
C. Lines 8-9
D. Lines 9-13
Pembahasan:
Pada soal di atas menanyakan “Di bagian mana penulis menyebutkan siapa yang mengembangkan prinsip yang bertentangan dengan determinisme?”.
Jadi, jawaban yang benar adalah (B) Lines 6-7
Sekian Soal dan Pembahasan The Idea of Determinism the idea of determinism that no event occurs in nature without natural causes has been postulated as a natural law yet is under attack on both scientific and philosophical grounds. Semoga the idea of determinism that no event occurs in nature without natural causes has been postulated as a natural law yet is under attack on both scientific and philosophical grounds Soal dan Pembahasan The Idea of Determinism tadi dapat membantu teman-teman dalam belajar TOEFL.
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the idea of determinism that no event occurs in nature without natural causes has been postulated as a natural law yet is under attack on both scientific and philosophical grounds